Adjust color and exposure

Most photos that look dark, flat or slightly off-color need only a few adjustments. Pictius has the classic tools for the job: Levels and Curves for brightness and contrast, Hue/Saturation and Color Balance for color, and Shadows/Highlights for backlit shots. Apply them directly, or as adjustment layers that you can change or switch off at any time.

The Curves dialog in Pictius with a gentle S curve over the histogram, adding contrast to a landscape photo, and a Curves adjustment layer in the Layers panel.
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Correct a photo step by step

Each adjustment opens a dialog with a live preview on the image; untick Preview to compare with the original.

  1. Open the photo with File ▸ Open… (Ctrl+O).
  2. Choose Layer ▸ New Adjustment Layer ▸ Levels… and look at the histogram. If it stops short of the right end, drag Highlights under Input Levels to where it ends; do the same with Shadows on the left. Midtones (gamma) brightens or darkens the middle tones. Auto sets them for you. Click OK.
  3. For contrast, add Layer ▸ New Adjustment Layer ▸ Curves… Click the curve to add points, then pull one in the shadows slightly down and one in the highlights slightly up: a gentle S curve. Double-click a point, or drag it out, to remove it.
  4. For color, add Hue/Saturation… to make colors richer or quieter, or Color Balance… to remove a cast: if the photo is too blue, move Yellow / Blue towards yellow.
  5. Click the eye of an adjustment layer to see the photo without it, or lower its opacity to soften it.
  6. Save with File ▸ Save (Ctrl+S) to keep the adjustment layers editable, or export the result with File ▸ Export As…

Which adjustment for which problem

  • Too dark or too bright overall: Levels, Curves or Exposure.
  • Flat and grayish: Levels, moving Shadows and Highlights in to where the histogram starts and ends, an S curve in Curves, or Image ▸ Auto Contrast.
  • Dark subject against a bright sky: Image ▸ Adjustments ▸ Shadows/Highlights… Shadows Amount lifts the dark areas, Tone sets how far into the midtones it reaches, Radius sets the size of the area around each pixel that it looks at, and Color Correction keeps the lifted colors natural.
  • A color cast from indoor light or shade: Color Balance, Photo Filter, or Image ▸ Auto Color (Ctrl+Shift+B).
  • Dull colors: Vibrance raises muted colors more than those that are already strong, while Saturation raises them all equally.

Adjustment layers or direct adjustments?

Image ▸ Adjustments changes the pixels of the selected layer, or only the selected area if there is a selection. It is quick, and Ctrl+Z undoes it, but you cannot fine-tune it afterwards.

An adjustment layer changes everything below it without touching the pixels. Double-click its icon, or choose Layer ▸ Edit Adjustment, to change the settings at any time. Each one comes with a mask: press B for the Brush and paint black on the mask to hide the effect in an area, for example to brighten only the foreground. To limit it to the layer just below, use Layer ▸ Create Clipping Mask (Ctrl+Alt+G).

Shadows/Highlights, Replace Color, Equalize and the Auto commands are only available as direct adjustments. Duplicate the layer first with Layer ▸ Duplicate Layer if you want to keep the original.

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between Levels and Curves?

Levels sets the black point, the white point and the overall midtones with three sliders, which is enough for most photos. Curves lets you shape the response with as many points as you need, for example to add contrast only in the midtones, and works per channel too.

How do I brighten a dark photo without losing the sky?

Use Image ▸ Adjustments ▸ Shadows/Highlights…, which lifts the dark areas while leaving bright ones mostly alone. Another way is a Curves adjustment layer that brightens, with its mask painted black over the sky.

Can I adjust only part of a photo?

Yes. Make a selection before choosing an adjustment under Image ▸ Adjustments, and only the selected area changes. With an adjustment layer, paint its mask instead: white shows the effect and black hides it.

Can I apply the same correction to many photos?

Yes. Adjustments are recorded in actions with their settings. Record one in Window ▸ Actions and run it on a set of files with File ▸ Automate ▸ Batch… Keep in mind that a fixed correction suits photos taken in similar light.

Are adjustment layers kept when I save as PSD?

Yes. File ▸ Save a Copy as PSD writes them as native adjustment layers, and PSD files you open keep theirs.

Image editing guides